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Dontho la Chiyembekezo - Ukhondo Wabwino

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Mmene Madzi Amaipitsira

Madzi omwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zinthu zina zoipitsa amaipitsidwa. Ndowe za anthu ndi zinyama ndizomwe zimaipitsa madzi. Madzi amaipitsidwa pamene anthu ndi nyama zikuchita chimbudzi pabwalo kapena pafupi ndi gwero la madzi komanso ngati zimbudzi sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndi kusamalidwa bwino. Ndowezo zimalowa m'madzimo ndipo zimafaliridwa kwa aliyense amene amagwiritsa ntchito madziwo.

Madzi owonongeka amatha kubwera kudzera m'mitsinje, mitsinje, zitsime ndipo amatengedwa kupita kunyumba zathu m'mapaipi ndi ndowa.

Madzi amathanso kuipitsidwa ngati:

• Zotengera zosungiramo madzi sizitsukidwa bwino Matanki osungira

• madzi saphimbidwa kuti atetezedwe ku matenda

• Chidebe ndi chingwe chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito potulutsa madzi pachitsime chinali kukhudzana ndi chinthu chodetsedwa (manja, nyama, nthaka)

Madzi amatha kuwoneka akuda ngati ali ndi kachilombo, koma ngakhale madzi oyera amatha kukhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Si magwero onse amadzi omwe ali ndi madzi abwino.

Madzi amvula amakhala oyera akagwa kuchokera kumwamba, koma amatha kukhala akuda akatera padenga. Madzi apansi panthaka amatha kukhala abwino, koma amatha kuipitsidwa ndi mankhwala kapena zinyalala zachimbudzi. Madzi apamtunda ndi opanda khalidwe chifukwa pali njira zambiri zomwe angatengere.

Zomwe zachokera CAWST.org

Providing clean water is complicated partly because water contamination can occur in many ways and can happen at almost any stage of the water collection process. Some common ways that water can be contaminated are: improper human waste disposal (inadequate sanitation facilities), poor hygiene (not washing hands), livestock feces (this is particularly true if water is collected from an unprotected river or stream), agricultural runoff, and industrial waste.

In many areas, drinking water is collected from open lakes, streams, or ponds where contamination can be very high. In other places, people retrieve their drinking water from a community well or borehole. The water being pumped may or may not be clean. Even if it is clean, there are many opportunities for recontamination, particularly if it is not stored in a safe storage container.

Madzi Owonongeka Ali Ndi Tizilombo Zoti Tizidwala

Madzi Owonongeka Ali Ndi Tizilombo Zoti Tizidwala

Uthenga Wofunika: Madzi oipitsidwa akhoza kutidwalitsa.

Mafunso Otheka:

•  Kodi inuyo kapena wina m'banjamo mwadwala posachedwa?

•  Kodi mukudziwa chifukwa chake inu kapena banja lanu munadwala?

•  Kodi inuyo kapena banja lanu munayamba mwadwalapo chifukwa cha madzi oipa?

•  Kodi munawononga ndalama zingati pamene wina m'banja mwanu anapita kwa dokotala?

Zamkatimu:

Madzi akadetsedwa, timadziwa kuti si bwino kumwa. Tingaganize kuti madzi abwino ndi abwino kumwa, koma sizili choncho nthawi zonse. Pakhoza kukhala zamoyo zazing'ono zomwe zimatchedwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena tizilombo tating'onoting'ono (malinga ndi chinenero ndi chikhalidwe) m'madzi. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timeneti titha kukhala mphutsi, majeremusi, ndi mabakiteriya. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono kwambiri moti sitingathe kuwaona ndi maso athu.

Ngati timwa madzi oipitsidwa, titha kudwala ndi:

•  Kutsekula m'mimba

•  Kusanza

•  Kupweteka kwa m'mimba

•  Malungo

(Lankhulani za matenda aliwonse okhudzana ndi madzi omwe amapezeka m'deralo.)

Tikadwala, tingafunike kupita kwa dokotala kapena kugona m'chipatala. Ngati tifuna mankhwala ochizira matendawa, zingawononge ndalama zambiri. Matenda angatichititse kuphonya sukulu kapena kuntchito. Matenda ena ndi oipa kwambiri moti tikhoza kufa.

Pali zotsatira zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito madzi oipitsidwa.

Fufuzani Kumvetsetsa:

•  Kodi mukuwona chiyani m'madzi?

•  Ndi chiyani chomwe simungathe kuchiwona m'madzi, koma chingakhalepobe?

•  Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati mumwa madzi omwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda?

•  Ndi matenda ati omwe tingatenge tikamwa madzi oipitsidwa?

•  Kodi zina mwa zotsatira za kudwala ndi zotani?

Zomwe zachokera CAWST.org

THINGS YOU CAN DO:

Letsani Tizilombo Gwiritsani Ntchito Ukhondo

Uthenga wofunikira: Pali zinthu zomwe tingachite kuti tidziteteze ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Mafunso Otheka:

•  Kodi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingasamutsire bwanji mkamwa mwanu?

•  Kodi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingasamutsire bwanji ku chakudya chanu?

•  Ndi zizolowezi zabwino ziti zaumwini zomwe zingaletse kusamutsidwa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuchokera ku zala zathu kupita mkamwa mwathu?

•  Kodi tingatetezere bwanji zakudya ndi mbale zathu kuti zisaipitsidwe?

•  Kodi tingatani kuti nyumba zathu zizikhala zaukhondo?

Zamkatimu:

Zizolowezi zabwino ndi zoipa zingachititse kuti chakudya chathu chikhale choyera kapena chodetsedwa. Ndowe za anthu ndi nyama ndizomwe zimayambitsa kuipitsidwa ndi matenda.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titha kuchoka ku ndowe kudzera m'manja ndi zala kenako kupita ku chakudya kapena m'kamwa.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timasamutsidwa ku zala zathu nthawi iliyonse tikakhudza chinthu chomwe chaipitsidwa. Pamene zala zathu zaipitsidwa ndi kukhudza pakamwa pathu, tikhoza kudwala.

Tiyenera kusamba m'manja tikachoka kuchimbudzi, tisanadye komanso tisanakonze chakudya. Tiyeneranso kusamba m'manja tikagwira ndowe za ana.

Kusamba nthawi zonse ndi sopo ndikofunikira kutsuka tizilombo tomwe tingakhale m'matupi athu. Zimenezi zidzatithandiza kukhala aukhondo ndi athanzi.

Kuteteza chakudya chathu ku ntchentche kungathandize kuletsa kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Kutsuka mbale m'madzi asopo tikatha kudya kumaletsa kusamutsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kupita kwa munthu wina amene amagwiritsira ntchito mbaleyo. Kusunga nyumba zathu zaukhondo ndi kukwirira zinyalala kumathandizanso kuletsa kusamutsa ma virus.

Fufuzani Kumvetsetsa:

•  Kodi zina mwaukhondo ndi ziti?

•  Kodi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timafalira bwanji kudzera mu zala zathu?

•  Kodi tingaletse bwanji tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kufalikira pa zala ndi m'manja mwathu?

•  N'chifukwa chiyani timaletsa ntchentche pa chakudya?

•  Titani ndi zinyalala?

•  Kodi tiyenera kusamba m'manja liti?

Information sourced from CAWST.org

THINGS YOU CAN DO:

Letsani Tizilombo Sambani M'manja

Letsani Tizilombo Sambani M'manja

Uthenga wofunikira: Kusamba m'manja ndipo poteteza matenda.

Mafunso Otheka:

•  Kodi masamba m'manja liti?

•  Kodi mumasamba masamba m'manja?

•  Kodi mungagwiritse ntchito kusamba m'manja mankhwala?

Zamkatimu:

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timasamu kuchokera m'manja mwathu kupita m'matupi athu kaamba ka mkamwa, mphuno ndi maso. mupezaku kusonkhanitsa kuimitsidwa ngati tisamba m'manja tsiku lina lililonse.

Chojambulachi chikatiuza uthenga m'mene tingamasambile mmanja nthawi zonse. Izi timazitcha njira ya 3 x 3.

Nthawi ndi mawu amene akutiuza mmene tingasambile m'manja ndi izi:

•  Musanaphike kapena kukonza chakudya.

•  Musamadye osasamba mmanja ndi abale ambiri obwera.

•  pochita chimbudzi ndi mutasintha kapena kusintha thewela kapena chobvala mwana.

Masitepe atatu osamba m'manja ndi awa:

•  Sambani manja onse awiri ndi sopo

•  Pukutani kumbuyo ndi ku tsogolo kwa manja anu ndi pakati pa zala zanu osachepera katatu

•  Wumitsani mmanja ndi kampango

Tikuyenela kusamba mmanja kawirikawiri kuti tichotse tizilombo mmanja mwatu, madzi pawokha sangatulutse tizilombo mmanja athu, ichi chifukwa tikuyemela kusamba mmanja ndi sopo. Nthawi zonse tiwonetsetse kuti mmanja mwathu ndi mowuma bwino.

Fufuzani Kulinganiza:

•  Ndioneseni chitsanzo momwe ndingasambile m'manja.

•  Kodi kunyumba musamba m'manja liti?

•  N'chifukwa chiyani timagwisa ntchito sopo kapena phulusa?

•  Ndi chifukwa chiyani timagwilitsa ntchito madzi woyera bwino?

•  Ndi chifukwa chiyani timagwilitsa ntchito kampango kowuma ndi koyela bwino?

Zomwe zachokera CAWST.org

THINGS YOU CAN DO:

Letsani Tizilombo Gwiritsani Ntchito Ukhondo Wabwino

Uthenga wofunikira: Ukhondo wabwino umalepheretsa kufala kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Mafunso Otheka :

•  Kodi muli ndi chimbudzi?

•  Ngati inde, ndi chimbudzi cha anthu wamba kapena chapakhomo?

•  Kodi chimbudzi mumagwiritsira ntchito chiyani?

•  Kodi inu kapena dera lanu mumachita izi?

Zamkatimu:

Chojambulachi chikuwonetsa njira zosiyanasiyana zopewera matenda pogwiritsa ntchito ukhondo wabwino.

Chimbudzi chosamalidwa bwino sichingakope ntchentche ndipo chidzaletsa kufalikira kwa ndowe za anthu kuti zisawononge chakudya ndi madzi.

Madzi otayira amatha kutayidwa mu dzenje lonyowa. Dzenje lonyowa ndi dzenje pansi lodzaza ndi miyala momwe madzi amatha kulowa pansi bwino. Madzi oima ndi owopsa chifukwa udzudzu umaswana m'madzi oima. Udzudzu umafalitsa matenda monga malungo ndi dengue fever. Tingathandize kuthetsa matendawa pomanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maenje onyowa.

Kuteteza magwero a madzi ku ndowe za nyama ndikofunika kwambiri. Ngati timagwiritsa ntchito chitsime potungira madzi ndiye kuti ndi bwino kumanga mpanda kuti nyama zisalowe. Kuti madzi asapangike mozungulira chitsimecho, perekani madzi otayira kutali ndi chitsime, mpope kapena popopera madzi. Madzi oipa a m'chitsime, pompo kapena popopera madzi angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthirira dimba laling'ono kapena kuwalowetsa m'dzenje lonyowa.

Zinyama zimatha kuwononga chakudya chomwe timalima m'minda ngati palibe mpanda woti zisalowe. Pangani mpanda kuzungulira dimba kuti muteteze zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.

Kukwirira zinyalala zapakhomo ndi njira yabwino yosungiramo nyumba yaukhondo komanso yaukhondo. Titha kuthandiza kuti ntchentche zisakopeke ndi zinyalala zathu komanso mazira omwe amaikira pamenepo.

Fufuzani Kumvetsetsa:

•  Kodi tingaletse bwanji kusamutsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kudzera mu ukhondo?

•  Kodi zina zabwino za ukhondo ndi ziti?

Zomwe zachokera CAWST.org

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timachokera ku Ndowe:

Uthenga wofunikira: Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timasamutsidwa kuchoka ku ndowe kupita mkamwa mwathu mnjira zambiri.

Mafunso Otheka:

•  Mukuganiza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingasamutsidwe bwanji kuchoka ku ndowe kupita mkamwa mwanu?

Zamkatimu:

Chojambulachi chikuwonetsa njira zomwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timasamutsidwa kuchoka ku ndowe kupita kukamwa ndi m'mimba mwathu. Izi ndi njira zomwe timadwala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingafalikire m'manja ndi zala zathu. Nthawi zonse manja athu akakhudza ndowe za anthu kapena za nyama, pamakhala mwayi woti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingafalikire m'kamwa mwathu kapena ku chakudya chathu. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titha kufalikiranso m'manja ndi chakudya cha anthu ena.

Ntchentche zimakopeka ndi fungo la ndowe za anthu kapena za nyama. Zikatera pa ndowe kenako n'kuuluka n'kutera pa chakudya chathu, zimafalitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Komanso ntchentchezo zikatera kumaso kapena m'manja mwathu, zimatha kufalitsa tizilomboto kwa ife. Madzi oipitsidwa ndi ndowe adzayenda m'midzi ndi kufalitsa matendawo.

Madzi akagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kupita kukamwa kwathu. Izi zingachitike tikamwetsa madziwo komanso tikamagwiritsa ntchito mbale zotsuka m'madzi oipa.

Zomera zimathanso kutola tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ku ndowe. Zipatso kapena ndiwo zamasamba zimatha kuipitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tochokera ku ndowe za nyama kapena anthu. Ngati zipatso kapena ndiwo zamasamba sizinatsukidwe ndi madzi abwino, tikhoza kudwala.

Munthu wathanzi akadya chakudya ndi madzi oipitsidwa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalowa m'mimba ndipo tingayambe kudwala. Ana ndi akuluakulu akadwala, ndowe zawo zimakhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Munthu wodwala akachita chimbudzi, makamaka kutchire, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambanso kulowa m'malo. Mwanjira imeneyi, kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi matenda kumapitirirabe.

Fufuzani Kumvetsetsa:

•  Kodi ntchentche zimasamutsa

•  bwanji tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuchokera ku ndowe?

•  Kodi tizilombo tingasamutsidwe bwanji kudzera m'madzi?

•  Kodi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timasamutsidwa bwanji kudzera m'manja ndi zala zathu?

•  Kodi chakudya chingaipitsidwe bwanji?

•  Kodi madzi amaipitsidwa bwanji?

Information sourced from CAWST.org

THINGS YOU CAN DO:

Samalira Chimbudzi

Uthenga wofunikira: Gwiritsani ntchito ndi kukonza chimbudzi chanu kuti mupewe matenda.

Mafunso Otheka:

•  Ndani amayeretsa chimbudzi chanu?

•  Kodi chimbudzi chimayeretsedwa kangati?

•  Kodi mumataya bwanji ndowe za ana?

Zamkatimu:

Nyumba yachimbudzi yomangidwa pa slab imatha kupangidwa ndi zinthu zambiri. Ngati mpweya ukhoza kuyenda, chimbudzi sichimanunkhiza. Chitoliro chotulutsira mpweya kuchokera pansi pa slab kupita pamwamba pa denga chimalola kuti fungo lituluke. Chotchinga cha ntchentche chiyenera kuphimba pamwamba pa chitoliro chotulukira mpweya kuti ntchentche ndi tizilombo zisatuluke. Ntchentche zidzalowa mdzenje, kuwona kuwala pamwamba pa chitoliro chotulukira mpweya, kuwulukira chitolirocho ndikugwidwa mumsampha.

Pansi yopangidwa ndi konkire ndi yabwino kwambiri pachimbudzi, chifukwa ndi yotetezeka kwambiri, imakhala nthawi yayitali komanso yosavuta kuyeretsa.

Sungani chimbudzi kuti muchepetse kufalikira kwa matenda:

•  Tsukani mpando wa chimbudzi ndi pansi

•  Sungani chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya kuti chizigwira bwino ntchito

•  Yang'anani chophimba chowuluka pafupipafupi ndikuchikonza ngati pangafunike

Osayika zinthu izi m'chimbudzi cha chimbudzi:

•  Madzi otayira (amadzaza dzenje mwachangu)

•  Mankhwala (osalola kuti zinyalala ziwola)

•  Mabotolo opanda kanthu, zitini ndi zinyalala zina

•  Njerwa ndi miyala

Chimbudzi cha ana chiyenera kutayidwa m'chimbudzi. Amakhalanso ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mofanana ndi ndowe za akuluakulu.

Fufuzani Kuwmvetsetsa:

•  N'chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunika kusunga chimbudzi chaukhondo?

•  Kodi chimbudzi chabwino chimamangidwa bwanji?

•  Kodi tingasamalire bwanji chimbudzi?

•  Ndi chiyani chomwe sichiyenera kulowa mu dzenje lachimbudzi?

•  Kodi ndowe za ana tiyenera kutaya bwanji?

Zomwe zachokera CAWST.org

THINGS YOU CAN DO:

Letani Mabakiteriya tayani zinyalala zanu moyenera

Uthenga Wofunika: Ikani zinyalala zanu ndikutaya madzi oipa bwino.

Mafunso Otheka:

•  Kodi zinyalala mumazitaya bwanji?

•  Kodi mdera lanu muli malo omwe ali ndi maiwe oyimirira amadzi?

•  Kodi mumataya kuti madzi mukamaliza kukonza m'nyumba kapena kuchapa zovala?

Zamkatimu:

Zinyalala zapakhomo ziyenera kutayidwa bwino. Ndi bwino kukwirira zinyalala zanu kuti mupewe ntchentche ndi makoswe kukumana ndi kuberekana. Kutaya zinyalala zathu pansi kumawononga chilengedwe. Kuwotcha zinyalala kudzawononga mpweya.

Nthawi zambiri pamakhala madzi oyimirira pafupi ndi mapampu, zitsime, kapena zotayirapo. Pamadzi oima ndi pamene udzudzu umaswana. Udzudzu ukhoza kufalitsa matenda monga malungo ndi dengue fever. Pali njira zopewera madzi oima.

Tetezani chitsime chanu, mpope kapena choyimira chapampopi ndi:

•  Kumanga nsanja kuti mupewe kuyimirira kusonkhanitsa madzi pamenepo

•  Kupatutsa madzi otayika kudzera munjira

•  Kumanga dzenje lonyowetsa pafupi kuti linyowetse madzi oyipa

Madzi onyansa ochokera kuchapa kapena ntchito zapakhomo akhoza kutayidwa m'dzenje lonyowa. Madzi otayira amatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuthirira minda kapena kudyetsa ziweto.

Fufuzani Kumvetsetsa:

•  Kodi zinyalala tizitaya bwanji?

•  Tchulani njira ziwiri zotetezera chitsime, chopopera kapena chopopera.

•  Kodi njira yabwino kwambiri yotayira madzi a m'nyumba ndi iti?

•  Kodi zimenezi zimalepheretsa bwanji kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda?

•  Kodi zimenezi zimateteza bwanji matenda?

Zomwe zachokera CAWST.org

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