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Chakudya cha moyo Wonse - Leucaena leucocephala

Leucaena Zakudya:

Leucaena leucocephala ndi umodzi mwa mitengo yazakudya yamtundu wapamwamba kwambiri komanso yokoma kwambiri kumadera otentha, yomwe nthawi zambiri imafotokozedwa ngati 'nyewe ya kumadera otentha'. Masamba ake amafanana bwino ndi nyemba kapena lucerne pazakudya kupatulapo kuchuluka kwa tannin ndi kawopsedwe ka mimosine kwa zolusa.

Chakudya cha ziweto sichiyenera kukhala ndi L. leucocephala yoposa 20%, chifukwa mimosine imatha kuthothoka tsitsi komanso mavuto a m'mimba. Masamba amakhala ndi thanzi labwino kwambiri (kukoma kwambiri, kusagaya chakudya, kudya komanso kukhala ndi mapuloteni), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuwonjezeka kwa 70-100% ya kulemera kwa nyama poyerekeza ndi kudyetsa udzu wopanda udzu. Zitsamba zomwe zimatengedwa pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri zimakhala ndi 55-70% digestibility ndi 20-25% yamafuta omanga thupi.

Kuphatikiza apo, imalimbikira kwambiri pazaka makumi angapo zakudulira kapena kudyetsera, imabala zipatso kwambiri, imachira msanga kuchokera pakufota, imaphatikizana bwino ndi udzu wina ndipo imatha kudyetsedwa popanda kutaya pang'ono popondereza kapena kudyetsera. Forage, yodzaza ndi ma pellets ndi ma cubes, imagulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi ngati chakudya cha ziweto.

Apiculture:  L. leucocephala imakhala pachimake pafupifupi chaka chonse, ndipo imapatsa njuchi chakudya chosalekeza.

Mafuta:  L. leucocephala ndi nkhuni zabwino kwambiri zokhala ndi mphamvu yokoka ya 0.45-0.55 komanso zopatsa mphamvu zambiri zokwana 4600 cal/kg. Nkhuni zimayaka mosalekeza ndi utsi wochepa, zipsera zochepa ndipo zimatulutsa phulusa lochepera 1%. Mtengowu umapanga makala abwino kwambiri okhala ndi kutentha kwa 29 mJ/kg ndi kuchira bwino (25-30%).

Mitengo:  L. leucocephala ili ndi matabwa olemera kwambiri (pafupifupi 800 kg/m), okhala ndi nkhuni zachikasu zotuwa komanso nkhuni zofiirira zofiirira. Mitengoyi imadziwika kuti ndi yapakati komanso yowuma popanda kugawanika kapena kuyang'ana. Ndi yamphamvu, yapakatikati, yapafupi komanso yogwira ntchito mosavuta pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zaukalipentala.

Ntchito

Kuletsa kukokoloka kwa nthaka:  Makina olimba a mizu ya m'nthaka amathandiza kuthyola miyandamiyanda ya nthaka yothinana, kupititsa patsogolo kulowa kwa chinyezi m'nthaka komanso kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa nthaka.

Mthunzi kapena pogona: L. leucocephala amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mtengo wa mthunzi wa koko, khofi ndi tiyi; nthawi zambiri imakhala ngati mpanda, kupereka mthunzi ndi chitetezo cha mphepo kwa mbewu zosiyanasiyana, makamaka zikamakula.

Reclamation:  L. leucocephala imakula bwino m'malo otsetsereka komanso m'madera otsetsereka okhala ndi nyengo yowuma yotalikirapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yofunika kwambiri pakubwezeretsanso nkhalango, madambo ndi madambo.

Kukonza nayitrojeni : Ili ndi mphamvu yokonza nayitrojeni wambiri (100-300 kg N/ha pachaka), mogwirizana ndi kuchulukira kwa mizu yake.

Wowonjezera nthaka : L. leucocephala inali imodzi mwa mitundu yoyamba yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga manyowa obiriwira m'njira zolima m'minda. Masamba a L. leucocephala, ngakhale ali ndi zokolola zochepa, amakhala ndi nayitrogeni wochuluka wokwanira kuti mbewu ya chimanga isathe. Masamba ogawanika bwino amawola mofulumira, kupereka chakudya chofulumira, chosakhalitsa. Ananenanso kuti masambawo amawola mofulumira kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zakudya zichoke kutali ndi malo ozuka mbewuzo zisanatengedwe ndi mbewu. Izi zikutanthauzanso kuti ali ndi phindu lochepa ngati mulch poletsa udzu.

Mtengowu ukhoza kukonzanso chonde m'nthaka ndipo ukhoza kukhala wofunikira kwambiri pakulima ndi kudula ndi kuwotcha, chifukwa umachepetsa kwambiri nthawi yolima pakati pa mbewu. Lipoti laposachedwapa lochokera ku bungwe la U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization likusonyeza kuti kugwetsa mitengo mwachisawawa padziko lonse kwatsika m'zaka khumi zapitazi. Kuchotsa malo olimapo n'kumene kumayambitsa kuwononga nkhalango. Koma ku Haiti, ndiKuwonongeka kwa mitengo -- ndi kukokoloka komwe kumatsatira - kwapangitsa kuti alimi akhale ovuta kulima chakudya. Ndiwothandizira kwambiri ku vuto la njala mdziko muno.

Zokongola: Zoyenera ngati zokongola komanso zowoneka bwino m'mphepete mwa msewu.

Malire kapena chotchinga kapena chothandizira: Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mpanda wamoyo, zotchingira moto komanso zochirikizira mphesa monga tsabola, khofi ndi koko, vanila, yam ndi passion fruit.

Kulima m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana : Leucaena ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polima m'mipanda, komwe imabzalidwa m'mipanda yozungulira 3-10 m ndi mbewu pakati. Ntchito zina: Mbewu zouma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kukongoletsa.

Zakudya za nyama:

Ng'ombe:  Masamba aang'ono amakoma kwambiri ku ng'ombe, ali ndi mapuloteni ambiri komanso opatsa thanzi.

Makoko ndi mbewu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maiko ena ngati ng'ombe. Mayesero odyetsa ndi nkhumba sanawonetse zotsatira zoyipa kuchokera ku chakudya chokhala ndi masamba okwana 15%. Kudyetsa ng'ombe za mkaka pa masamba odulidwa ndi kunyamula leucaena kumawonjezera kupanga mkaka ndi 14% pa avareji komanso kumawonjezera mafuta amkaka ndi mapuloteni.

Ng'ombe zodyetsedwa ndi Leucaena leucocephala zimadya kwambiri ndipo siziyenera kudyetsedwa ndi udzu wolemera. Amakhalanso ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa moyo. Komabe, masamba sayenera kudyetsedwa kwa ziweto zoswana, komabe, chifukwa zingakhudze kubereka, ng'ombe zobadwa akufa zimakhala zambiri, zobereketsa ndizochepa (66% vs. 88%), ndipo kulemera kwa ng'ombe pakubadwa kumakhala kochepa.

Leucaena leucocephala ndi imodzi mwa mitengo yabwino kwambiri komanso yokoma kwambiri ku Kummawa kwa Africa. DINANI kuti muwone filimuyi.

Nkhosa: Leucaena ndi zokoma kwambiri kwa nkhosa. Nkhosa zodyetsera msipu kapena nkhosa zodyetsedwa pa udzu wa udzu zimakhala ndi machitidwe apamwamba pamene zimawonjezeredwa ndi 25-50% ya masamba owuma a leucaena.

Zakudya zochulukirapo zitha kudyetsedwa munthawi yakusowa kwa zakudya. Udzu wa masamba a Leucaena kapena masamba atsopano amathanso kulowa m'malo mwa udzu wa mpunga wokhazikika kapena ammoniated chifukwa umawonjezera kudya kwa DM, kudya mapuloteni, kusunga kwa N ndipo motero kukula kwake.

Ana a nkhosa Yomwe Yimadyetsedwa ndi masamba a leucaena amakhala ndi moyo wapamwamba komanso kukula kwake. Ngakhale zili ndi mimosine, kubereka sikusinthidwa ndi zakudya zouma kapena zatsopano za leuceana mu nkhosa zamphongo. Nkhosa zodyetsedwa udzu wa leucaena zinali zolemera bwino pa nthawi yokweretsa ndipo zimakonda kutulutsa ovulation. Leucaena akhoza kuchepetsa mtengo wa tiziromboti.

Leucaena leaf meal ya 45% ya ku tlangela msingo wa milawu yin'we yin'we dyaro leri nga riki na protein, kun'wana ni ku hluriwa ka tin'hweti hi timbuti ta Angora.

Nkhumba: N'zotheka kudyetsa nkhumba za Leucaena leucocephala: 5 mpaka 10 % ya chakudya cha masamba a leucaena ndi chofunika kwambiri pakukula ndi kumaliza.

Nkhuku: Mu nkhuku za broilers, 5 % ya ufa wa masamba a leucaena ndiwovomerezeka chifukwa umapatsa chakudya chambiri. Ngati yokazinga, kuchuluka kwa kuphatikizika kungakhale kokwera mpaka 15% popanda kusintha magwiridwe antchito a nyama. Mu nkhuku zoikira, mlingo wovomerezeka wa kuphatikizika kwa masamba a leucaena ndi 10%.

Xanthophyll yotengedwa m'masamba a Leucaena leucocephala imatha kuyendetsa bwino nyama ndikuchepetsa mtengo wakudya ndikuwongolera mtundu wa yolk.

Akalulu: Chakudya chatsopano kapena chouma cha Leucaena leucocephala kapena masamba chimathandiza kuti akalulu azidya bwino, azidya bwino komanso azigwira ntchito bwino ndi ziweto. Mlingo wovomerezeka wa akalulu omakula kapena onenepa umachokera pa 24% mpaka 40% yodyetsedwa masamba atsopano a Leucaena leucocephala amatha kulowa m'malo mwa nyemba. Chakudya chamasamba cha Leucaena chikhoza kuphatikizidwa pa 25% powonjezera zakudya zochokera ku peel ya chinangwa ndit 30-40% akalulu amadyetsedwa ndi Arachis pintoi. Leucaena leucocephala imakoma kuposa Arachis pintoi.

Sikuti mayesero onse a akalulu omwe ali ndi leucaena akhala abwino. Kuphatikizidwa kwa masamba atsopano a leucaena pa 20-25% kunali ndi zotsatira zoyipa pa kufa kwa akalulu aakazi ndi aang'ono (mpaka 55% kufa)

Nsomba: N'zotheka kudyetsa nsomba za m'gulu la leucaena masamba monga gwero la mapuloteni 30% ophatikizidwa ndi oyenera kambale. Chakudya chambewu ya Leucaena ndi njira yabwino m'malo mwa soya pazakudya za nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala ndi 20%.